![]() 2 Serbian volunteer irregulars were heavily involved in the Herzegovina Uprising, and the Ottoman reaction was soon followed by a declaration of war on on the Ottoman empire by Serbia and Montenegro on June 30, 1876. The effectively bankrupt Ottoman central government relied heavily on local Balkan irregular militia based on the substantial Muslim and, in southern Bulgaria, Turkic, populations in both provinces, and both rebellions were suppressed with much bloodshed. The Herzegovina Uprising soon sparked a rebellion against Ottoman rule within its Bulgarian territories in the April Uprising of 1876. This was an international status that nominally preserved Ottoman sphere of influence suzerainty over these states while in fact abolishing both the Ottoman military presence and civil administration in their territories. ![]() The 1878 Congress itself had been a European Great Power response to the decisive victories of the Tsarist Russian armies over the Ottoman Empire in Bulgaria 1 The Russo-Turkish War in turn had been precipitated by the Herzegovina Uprising (1875-1878) a rebellion against Ottoman rule in the province that received support from the de facto sovereign “principality” of Serbia that had been established in the 1830’s, a status shared by Montenegro (1855) and Romania (1866). The act permanently altered the complex set of military and diplomatic arrangements arrived at by the Congress of Berlin in 1878 concerning the Balkans. Bartholomew, 1912 The annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovinaīy the Austria-Hungarian Empire in 1908-09 set in motion the chain of events that led directly to the outbreak of the First World War. From “Literary and Historical Atlas of Europe”, by J.G.
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